In praise of Draco

Spandrell

Most Honorable commenter Handle said in a recent comment on how he finds Japanese culture superior:

The near-universal level of courtesy, honesty, politeness, pleasantness, efficiency, work-ethic, competence, intelligence, self-motivation, willingness to, “go above and beyond the call of duty,” and genuine consideration for the customer, even for a foreigner to whom they show considerable patience, has been an extremely agreeable experience for me.

This is a very common feeling for all those who stay or live in Japan for any period of time. It happens also to a lesser degree in other Asian countries, such as Taiwan, Singapore, and  South Korea. The reasons for the courtesy, pleasantness, and the simple prevailing sense of order that one feels in Japan are varied. Some are genetic, some are based on long rooted tradition. But some are pretty simple and straightforward.

Perhaps the best time spent while on college was when I went to the library and rented Lee Kuan Yew's memoirs. It's a huge book, hefty and dense too. I skipped class for a week to read the whole thing. Fascinating stuff, I learned a lot. Much of it is about the history of the Chinese community in Malaya, how they fought the Malays and each other. But the most interesting part was the bits where Lee Kuan Yew confesses his political influences.

Lee had just got into college when Japan invades Singapore in 1942. The invasion was a shock for everyone, Singapore supposedly being an impregnable fortress, symbol of mighty Britain and whatnot. Well the Japanese Army got hold of it in just over a week, and lost no time in making themselves the lords of the place. Lee tells in his memories how after the British Army lost, the colonial population was shocked, but also sort of excited. See, whitey has been defeated. Whites were the epitome of authority, they were so awesome that they seemed to create order semi-magically. But now they lost, and to those Japanese which kinda look like us. What followed was that the most uppity and thuggish of the Chinese, Malay and Indian youths starting looting and wreaking havoc in the place. The Japanese were too busy torturing British soldiers to pay attention to the situation on the streets, but they soon noticed, and didn't like. Lee Kuan Yew tells how patrols of Japanese soldiers went to the streets, and arrested the strongest, most proud looking youths they saw on the streets. No questions asked. They just singled out the young males who looked like trouble. They took them to a close beach, killed them, decapitated some and put their heads on pikes on the main streets of Singapore.

No more lootings or any kind of disorder.

This, along with other targeted massacres of local donors to the resistance movement in China and other enemy civilians are together called the Sook Ching massacres (meaning Purge in the local dialect). The official narrative is that the Japanese massacres of Singapore civilians gave the locals a sense of nationhood, as they were targeted as a political entity separate from their British rulers. The British inability to protect the civilians made them lose legitimacy to govern them ever again, which paved the way to the independence of Singapore. Kinda sounds like the Mandate of Heaven.

But that's a load of rationalisation crap, of course. Lee Kuan Yew is so fucking awesome that he had the balls to be honest in his memoirs. He says that the Japanese massacres in Singapore told him a lesson that he would find very useful in his future political life: violence works. And overwhelming violence works faster. The Japanese were harsh, cruel devils. But damn did they impose order. Not a leaf dared to move without permission in occupied Singapore. The young Lee must have felt some admiration for the Japanese way of administration because he spent the rest of the occupation learning Japanese to serve as a translation for his new masters. He later was outspoken in his defence for Deng Xiaoping's actions in Tiananmen square 1989.

I recalled this episode when reading the Japanese news a while ago. Japan today is fortunately a different place from 1942, but it would be false to say that all has changed. Behind the facade of polite, honest, pleasant people you see, there's a very unpleasant world of bullying, harassment and unreasonable rules.

A 66 year old man in Osaka was arrested after stealing a 10 yen coin from a nearby temple's offering box. He was taken to court, and sentenced to 1 year in prison. The judge said that yes, 10 yen is a pittance, but it's money nonetheless, and theft is a crime, so to jail you go. He had been sentenced in first instance to 20 months, which the appeal reduced to 1 year. The news went viral and netizens all around the country were amused. The most common comment was "1 year for 10 yen, that's some cheap hotel he found". Indeed.

Law in Japan can thus be very draconian. Don't think it's harsh but fair: there's plenty of stories of policemen raping underage girls and not even being expelled from the force. Corruption is pervasive, if quite petty (it's a scandal if you steal 1 million yen), and the yakuza are present to an almost comical extent. Still the argument can be made that compared to law in modern western countries, where muggers, robbers and thugs of every kind aren't even taken to court because there's no enough prisons to hold them, Japan is in comparison a more just place. It certainly is more orderly and pleasant, if perhaps not more happy and fun. That's a tradeoff I'm willing to make.

John

In this regard, it seems Singapore strikes a better balance. I used to laugh at the way they impose the gum law etc. I thought that they would never pass Hong Kong since they were not part of the major artery between main land China and the rest of the world. They proved me wrong. Now Singapore is a wealthier place than Hong Kong. How much longer can they do this (and eventually without Lee Kuan Yew) is another question. Japan these days seem to have lost much of its former dynamism. They own the auto industry, but the Koreans are coming up. Someday the Chinese will bring in the low end. They basically lost the electronic industry. The high end to the Koreans, the low end to the Tawainese( and by exend, main land China). They pumped a lot of money into the economy in the last three lost decades, with no long lasting positive effect. Now they have the highest public debt /GDP of any major nation on earth with a very low growth rate, not a good combination. The Prime ministers rotate in and out of government on a yearly basis, resulting in paralysis of the government. On the other side, Singapore is opening new industries such as bio science. A mighty little city that continues its march. Surely there is a lot to learn from the Japanese way of doing things, but there seems to be something rotten there as well. Hopefully they can get their act together, but I am not holding my breath.

Spandrell
Replying to:
John

Please, Singapore is a tax haven. Raise taxes to the level of any civilised country and you'll see what happens with all that industry. As Andy Xie said, Singapore is just a huge bank that lives off the deposits of corrupt politicians from SEA. Japan's politicians don't rule the country, the ministries are run by the bureaucracy. Politicians are just there to distribute the pork, that's why they are changed often. And how are they supposed to compete? Minimum wage in South Korea is USD 4.

asdf

I love Singapore, but in general I think these city state models just aren't that useful for the big boys. We can talk till we are blue in the face about Singapore, HK, Switzerland, or even a bigger place like Norway. However, all of these countries live off the wealth and protection of the bigger states. And thier models of government, while very admirable, probably wouldn't transfer to big super power nations for a variety of reasons. Japan is a really cool place, but if I thought it was better for me I'd be living there. If you've got enough money they will let you stay. I came back here in the end.

John
Replying to:
Spandrell

It is not just about cheap wages, for a company like Samsung to beat Apple at its own game, the speed in which they move is quite unbelievable. There is plenty of money in the smart phone market, the Japanese somehow are unable to crack this. In fact, other company like RIM and Nokia all fall on their swords. Come to think of it, how many new companies came out of Japan since the eighties? There are quite a few from the United States, google, facebook, Apple, Ebay, broadcom, cisco, marvel, just a few off the top of my head. The Japanese counterpart to these are either none existent or dying.

Spandrell
Replying to:
John

Which percentage of profits in the market goes to Apple and what to Samsung? As of 2012? I'm not dissing Samsung's management style, but they have some advantages that nobody else has. First they are 20% of SK's GDP, meaning they pretty much own the government. China is also very cooperative with them, while Japanese companies get their factories burnt. If Samsung had the cost structure that Japanese companies have to bear, it would be a different story. How many new companies came out of Korea since the eighties? Or even China. Asian countries are state planned economies, new companies just don't happen. What VC does in California is done in the Ministry of Industry. It's a different dynamic.

Spandrell
Replying to:
asdf

They are tax havens. Big banks. Very well managed, but they don't generate all their wealth.

RS'
Replying to:
Spandrell

good heavens, a nation of 70 M? and its 20% cell phones? wow

John
Replying to:
Spandrell

There are not many new companies that came out of SK, but the ones they have are muscling into new markets. Since the eighties, just my causal observation, they have gotten much better with their cars (Hyundai), appliances (LG and Samsung) competing against China. They have dominated the memory business(Samsung) against Europe, U.S. and Taiwan, Samsung has become so successful in smart phones that they are now threatening Apple, who make their phones in China if you want to talk about low cost. They have taken over the high end of the electronics market from the Japanese. They beat them mainly on quality, not cost. Granted, they are lower cost than Japan and have government backing, but I don't think their advantage is mainly their lower wages, otherwise, India or even Africa would easily beat them to the game. Taiwan made similar progress. TSMC, become the indisputed leader in the foundry business, FoxCon the electronic fab business using China as a manufacturing base, There are other small computer manufacturers China is mostly inward focused, but in that respect, they have many "new" companies. They are the only country in the world( I believe Russia had something similar, but much smaller scale) that has the analog of the Amazon, Ebay and Google or even facebook. They are building a military industrial complex to rival the United States. They are building an aerospace industry, not to mention cutting edge companies like Huawei, BGI and BYD. In short, I am trying to ask the question, are they continuing to make progress? In the case of Japan, it is a big question mark.

RS'
Replying to:
RS'

oh samsung makes other stuff too, ok lol

Deme

Have you read this article: "Japan, Refutation of Neoliberalism" http://www.paecon.net/PAEReview/issue23/Locke23.htm It describes Japan as a "non-socialist centrally planned economy". It also claims that Japan is sort of like what the Nazis wanted to establish: "One way to describe the Japanese achievement is to say that they have achieved what the Nazis wanted to achieve but didn’t, largely of course because they were mad serial killers obsessed with a lot of things other than economics. Ironically, Asiatic Japan comes closer than any nation on earth to what Hitler wanted. It is a socially conservative, hierarchical, technocratic, orderly, pagan, sexist, nationalist, racially pure, anti-communist, non-capitalist and anti-Semitic society."

jamesd127
Replying to:
Spandrell

Alibaba.com is very much the silicon valley dynamic - and silicon valley no longer is. These days the Silicon valley VC hopes to sell his venture to Google, while Alibaba.com is an endless list of chinese companies creating new stuff you cannot buy anywhere else.

Handle
Replying to:
Deme

There's a lot of truth in that article I think. But I'll be a fuss-bucket nitpicker and reject that "anti-Semitic" society blip, which, I think you'll agree, seems a bit out of place. I've talked about religion a good deal with a lot of Japanese, some atheists, some Buddhists, some quasi-Zen spiritual, and some Christians of various sects including one who converted into Mormonism. It's strange from a Western perspective, because many of them are more-or-less devout and attached to their particular tradition (as least in terms of tendency to keep to a life routine), but they don't really exhibit any of the outward behavioral or emotional cues we'd tend to associate with such attachment. They all seem sort of Unitarian too, in an Asian kind of way. If the subject of Muslims or Islam comes up - well, their impression is heavily influenced by depictions in world news (not very flattering, obviously) and some unfortunate unpleasantness in their historical interactions with Malays and Indonesians. So - they think they're pretty much crazy cult fanatic maniacs from whom you should keep your distance. But if Jews or Judaism comes up, I get a lot of ignorant, blank stares - even from the Christians! No sense of irony either. The Old Testament is barely read or referenced in their churches. They just don't know or think or care about Jews except for a general awareness that they are a particularly bright and successful "European" ethnic group, but of which the wider world, Asia included, has many other examples - like them, for instance. Japanese Christians may be the first genuinely post-Semite Christians ever.

Spandrell
Replying to:
RS'

And it's 50M, North Koreans kinda don't count.

Spandrell
Replying to:
John

"I don’t think their advantage is mainly their lower wages, otherwise, India or even Africa would easily beat them to the game." You really think that's an argument? For fuck's sake. Like India and Africa are even comparable with East Asia? South Korea and Japan are comparable in ethnic stock and government systems. Being that similar, having an advantage like low wages and a government manufactured shit-currency makes a lot of difference. A lot. it's not that hard. CJK are all planned economies in a similar model. Japan built it's industry in the 50s, by the 80s the market was mature. South Korea built it's industry from the 70s, it took some time, by the 2000s they were all there. China started in the 80s, so it's still making some new stuff, but I think most of the megacorporations are here to stay. The car market has been consolidated, the electronics market also pretty much so. Call me when Huawei or Hisense goes out of business and some non state-owned startup becomes big. Not gonna happen. Also China having its own facebook is a sign of innovation? Give me a fucking break. China has it's own facebook and twitter because it blocks the real facebook, twitter, Google et al. and copied the whole fucking thing. I'll give you Taobao, that's pretty impressive. But BYD is cutting edge? Seriously? Call me when they make a profit.

Spandrell
Replying to:
jamesd127

May I ask for a link for some product you have been impressed by at alibaba? I'm honestly curious.

Spandrell
Replying to:
Deme

Yes I did, long ago. Always found it very insightful.

asdf
Replying to:
Deme

On another blog I commented that what I'd really like is a white Japan. One very Japanese but with the ethnic and cultural flavor of the west. It would be very interesting to see what would have happened if the Germans won WWI.

Spandrell
Replying to:
asdf

Finland's quite close. Europeans can't make a Japan. We wouldn't jail a guy for stealing 10 cents.

Candide III
Replying to:
Spandrell

Europeans came close in Victorian times. I'm not quite sure whether 10 cents would do it, but Arthur Conan Doyle tells me that 10 shillings was qualified as petty larceny and could be punished with six months in prison. Besides I'm sure this case was not typical even for Japan. First-time petty shoplifters just pay a fine.

Candide III
Replying to:
asdf

On another blog I commented that what I’d really like is a white Japan. One very Japanese but with the ethnic and cultural flavor of the west. Hum. Have you read Stephenson's "Snow Crash" and "Diamond Age"? Remember Mr. Lee's Greater Hong Kong?